Full Length ArticleOptimization of coaltoliquid processes; A way
Coaltoliquids (CTL) is a unique technology for clean and efficient coal utilization It turns its abundant coal resources into diesel, gasoline, and other liquid fuels to 1) ensure China’s energy security, 2) improve coal usage efficiency, and 3) increase the
Coal liquefaction
Coal liquefaction is a process of converting coal into liquid hydrocarbons: liquid fuels and petrochemicals This process is often known as "Coal to X" or "Carbon to X", where X can be many different hydrocarbonbased products However, the most common process chain is "Coal to Liquid Fuels" (CTL)
CHAPTER THREE CoaltoLiquids Technologies
CoaltoLiquids Technologies This chapter provides an overview of the principal technical approaches for producing liquid fuels from coal and describes the fuels produced It also
Life Cycle Assessment of CoaltoLiquid Process
The coaltoliquids (CTL) technique is a chemical process by which solid coal is converted into liquids fuels, including traditional fuels such as gasoline and
CoaltoLiquids an overview ScienceDirect Topics
There are three major methods of producing liquid fuels from coal: pyrolysis, direct liquefaction, and indirect liquefaction Pyrolysis is a thermal process in which coal is
CoaltoLiquids an overview ScienceDirect Topics
Coal to liquid (CTL) process has received renewed attention in recent years However, these processes face significant challenges in terms of the very high water consumption,
Coal to Liquids Technologies Springer
Coaltoliquids (CTL) The conversion of coal to liquid fuels and/or chemicals Coprocessing (of coal) The simultaneous conversion of coal and waste carbonaceous feedstocks
Sasol goes cold on converting gas and coal to liquids
Sasol has been working on processes to convert coal and gas into liquids since the 1950s, when it started production to supply synthetic fuels in apartheid South Africa Its Secunda plant east of
Visiting the world’s biggest single coaltoliquid project in ICSC
The project required an investment of about RMB 55 billion yuan It can turn more than 20 Mt of coal to 4 Mt of oil products annually, including 27 Mt of diesel, 980,000 t of naphtha petroleum and 340,000 t of liquefied gas The byproducts include 200,000 t of sulphur, 75,000 t of mixed alcohol and 145,000 t of ammonium sulphate
CoaltoLiquids an overview ScienceDirect Topics
Coal liquefaction is the process of making a liquid fuel from coal The fundamental difference between coal, a solid, and liquid fuels is that the liquid fuels have a higher hydrogen:carbon ratio Liquid fuels have lower ash contents and are easier to upgrade (ie, to remove unwanted impurities such as nitrogen and sulfur)
CHAPTER THREE CoaltoLiquids Technologies
The FischerTropsch CoaltoLiquids Approach Overview of the Process A highly simplified schematic of the FT CTL process is shown in Figure 31 The process begins with the gasification of coal, which consists of reacting coal with steam and oxygen at elevated temperatures (1,000 to 1,500 degrees Celsius) and moderate pres
GasToLiquid (GTL) Technology Assessment US Energy
GasToLiquid (GTL) Technology Assessment in support of AEO2013 coal gasification •Results from the Korean study from 2009 that are described Equipment 1,491 81 3,613 80 ND EPC Services + Contingency 351 19 ND ND Owner’s Cost ND ND ND Total Overnight
CoaltoLiquids an overview ScienceDirect Topics
Coaltoliquids and polygeneration using low rank coals Zhongyang Luo, in LowRank Coals for Power Generation, Fuel and Chemical Production, 2017 Abstract The importance of coaltoliquid (CTL) and polygeneration technology has gained interest in the recent years, which has been intensified by the concerns over energy generation security due to
Technoeconomic analysis of coaltoliquid processes with
1 Introduction The richness in coal while a shortage of oil and gas are the current energy resource distinctive features in China (Zhou et al, 2016)The coal reserve is as high as 59 × 10 12 t, accounting for 94% of the total energy resources of China Oil and natural gas resources occupy only 6% of the total energy resources (National
CoaltoLiquids Global Energy Monitor
CoaltoLiquids CoaltoLiquids (CTL) is a process of converting coal to fuels such as diesel or gas For diesel, the process involves first building a plant to convert coal to gas and then another plant to covert the gas to a liquid The resultant liquid fuel is known as synthetic fuel or synfuel Synfuels are used as an alternative to oil
Technoeconomic analysis of direct coalbiomass to liquids (CBTL
In the DCL process, coal is directly converted to liquid fuels by adding hydrogen, as shown in Reaction (1) [1], [2] Because of low H/C ratio in the coal, even though very less CO 2 is generated in the direct liquefaction reactor, a significant amount of external hydrogen is required, generation of which leads to high amount of CO 2 release
Forecasting the development of China's coaltoliquid industry
Coaltoliquid (CTL) technology produces fuels, such as gasoline and diesel from coal and is a feasible solution to the oil shortage (Liu et al, 2016) China's energy resource is characterized by “rich coal, less gas, lack of oil” ( Li and Hu, 2017 ); the proved energy reserves comprise 94% coal, 5% oil, and only 06% gas ( Han et al, 2018 )
Optimization of coaltoliquid processes; A way forward towards
Coaltoliquids (CTL) is a unique technology for clean and efficient coal utilization It turns its abundant coal resources into diesel, gasoline, and other liquid fuels to 1) ensure China’s energy security, 2) improve coal usage efficiency, and 3) increase the added value of coal resources and their contribution to the local economy
Modeling and economic evaluation of the integration of carbon
In the base case the energy content of the liquid fuels is 40% of the energy content in the coal feedstock, while the electricity generated in the process amounts to 7% of the feed In order to evaluate the effect of CO 2 capture on the performance of CTL polygeneration plant an energy penalty indicator has been defined as: (4) EP = ( base
Coal To liquid PPT SlideShare
20Barriers to CoalToLiquids Technical •Integrated operations of advanced CTL technologies have never been demonstrated •Lack of robust coal transportation infrastructure Economic
Life Cycle Assessment of CoaltoLiquid Process Springer
the product The chain from unexploited coaltoliquid hydrocarbon product is divided into four processes: coal mining, coal washing and selection, coal transport and coaltoliquid hydrocarbon production Lacking data on the manufacturing and decommissioning of various equipment and plants, they are not included in the life cycle of this
Powertoliquid via synthesis of methanol, DME or
The recycle gas ratio can be reduced in case of the twostage MegaMethanol process to 2–27 24,173 By condensation of methanol after the first reactor, the driving force of the methanol reaction is increased, allowing for a reduced size of the gas cooled reactor and a lower recycle gas ratio of about 17 174 The recycle gas ratio affects the size of the
A technoeconomic assessment of gastoliquid and coaltoliquid
Scale factors for the key equipment of the CTL and GTL plants were determined Gastoliquid (GTL) and coaltoliquid (CTL) processes are two liquefaction technologies that could be used There is a limited work on either the development of scale factors to estimate capital costs or on technoeconomic assessments of the plants
Coal to Liquids Blogger
South Africa has been producing coalderived fuels since 1955 and has the only commercial coal to liquids (CTL) industry in operation today Currently around 30% of the country’s gasoline and diesel needs are produced from indigenous coal The total capacity of the South African CTL operations now stands in excess of 160,000bbl/d
OVERVIEW OF COALTOLIQUIDS: A HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE
OVERVIEW OF COALTOLIQUIDS: A HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE 1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This report provides an overview of the technology for synthesizing liquid fuels from coal, history of development in the 20th century up to early 21st century including the United States (US) Department of Energy (DOE) and National Energy Technology
CoaltoLiquids: viability as a peak oil mitigation strategy DiVA
Key words: hydrocarbon liquefaction, gastoliquids, CTL, GTL, coaltoliquids, peak oil 2 Nomenclature ATR AutoThermal Reformer b, b/d, $/b ≈ 159 lbarrel itre, barrel per day, dollar per barrel BTL Biomass capture equipment are added downstream of synthesis to increase the fraction of feedstock C not in FTL products that is
Coal IEA International Energy Agency
United States: Despite electricity demand increasing in the United States, coalfired generation fell by almost 8% in 2022, reversing a 15% increase in 2021 The decrease in coal output was balanced by an increase in generation from natural gas and strong growth in renewables As a result, coal's share of total global generation remained around